Some of the many - likely more than 1000 - scientific articles about damages of pesticides on humans

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24896288 (PMID: 24896288), of this scientific paper
(by Rigotto RM, da Silva AM, Ferreira MJ, Rosa IF, Aguiar AC) Trends of chronic health effects associated to pesticide use in fruit farming regions in the state of Ceará, Brazil. (Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 Sep;16(3):763-73. English, Portuguese)
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"(...) Results suggest there was higher morbidity and mortality caused by neoplasms in the cities with broader use of pesticides, which could be influenced by production, environmental and social transformations associated to the process of deterritorialization induced by the expansion of the agricultural modernization over the morbidity and mortality profile of the population of lower Jaguaribe. This process is a reflex of the production chemical-dependent model adopted by the agribusiness companies, expanding the vulnerability of the country side population."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892153 (PMID: 24892153), of this scientific paper
(by El-Zaemey S, Heyworth J, Fritschi L) Noticing pesticide spray drift from agricultural pesticide application areas and breast cancer: a case-control study. (Aust N Z J Public Health. 2013 Dec;37(6):547-55)
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"(...) These findings support the hypothesis that women who ever noticed spray drift or who first noticed spray drift at a younger age had increased risk of breast cancer."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24639796 (PMID: 24639796), of this scientific paper (fully available in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3941369/ )
(by Ebadi Manas G, Hasanzadeh S, Najafi G, Parivar K, Yaghmaei P) The effects of pyridaben pesticide on the DNA integrity of sperms and early in vitro embryonic development in mice. (Iran J Reprod Med. 2013 Aug;11(8):605-10)
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"(...) Sperm viability, protamin compression (nuclear maturity), DNA double-strand breaks, and in vitro fertilizing (IVF) ability were examined. (...) Theses results confirmed that, the pyridaben is able to induce DNA damage and chromatin abnormalities in spermatozoa which were evident by low IVF rate."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380025 (PMID:24380025), of this scientific paper
(by Sharma T, Banerjee BD, Mustafa M, Guleria K, Ahmed RS, Tripathi AK.) Gene environment interaction in preterm delivery with special reference to organochlorine pesticide: a case control study. (Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Dec 15;4(4):209-14. eCollection 2013)
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"(...) assess the Gene-Environmental interaction between maternal organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) level and CYP17 gene polymorphism with the risk of preterm delivery (PTD). (...) Higher levels of OCPs along with wild type state of CYP17 gene (A1A1) in women may be considered as an important etiological factor in 'idiopathic' PTD. The present study provides evidence that genetic variation and its interaction with the environmental exposure may increase the risk of PTD."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291036 (PMID: 24291036), of this scientific paper
(by González-Alzaga B, Lacasaña M, Aguilar-Garduño C, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ballester F, Rebagliato M, Hernández AF) A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure. (Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 15;230(2):104-21. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.019. Epub 2013 Nov 26)
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"(...) Most of the studies evaluating prenatal exposure observed a negative effect on mental development and an increase in attention problems in preschool and school children. The evidence on postnatal exposure is less consistent, although 2 studies found an increase in reaction time in schoolchildren. Some paraoxonase-1 polymorphisms could enhance the association between OPs exposure and mental and psychomotor development. A large variability in epidemiological designs and methodologies used for assessing exposure and outcome was observed across the different studies, which made comparisons difficult. Prenatal and to a lesser extent postnatal exposure to OPs may contribute to neurodevelopmental and behavioural deficits in preschool and school children. (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251209 (PMID: ??), of this scientific paper
(by Tomar LR, Agarwal MP, Avasthi R, Tyagi V, Mustafa M, Banerjee BD) Serum organochlorine pesticide levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. (Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;17(Suppl 1):S342-4. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.119612)
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"(...) Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are endocrinal disruptors that tend to accumulate in adipose tissue and have been found to be associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MS). (...) Nine OCPs [(...) β-HCH (...) aldrin (...)] were studied. Fifty subjects ≥18 years with MS (study group) and 50 age and sex-matched controls were included in the study.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) Persons having chronic occupational exposure to OCPs such as workers of pesticide factories, (2) Recent exposure to OCPs within 4 weeks.
CONCLUSION: There was a significant association of β- HCH and aldrin levels with MS."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240585 (PMID:24240585), of this scientific paper
(by Sharma T, Jain S, Verma A, Sharma N, Gupta S, Arora VK, Dev Banerjee B.) Gene environment interaction in urinary bladder cancer with special reference to organochlorine pesticide: a case control study. (Cancer Biomark. 2013;13(4):243-51. doi: 10.3233/CBM-130346)
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"Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common disease worldwide with a higher incidence rate in developed countries. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), potent endocrine disrupters, are found to be associated with several cancers such as prostate, breast, bladder, etc. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family involved in the detoxification of numerous environmental toxins including OCPs. The present study was carried out in UBC subjects (n=50) and healthy control subjects (n=50) with an aim to determine the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and its implication on the OCP detoxification or bioaccumulation which may increase the risk of UBC in humans. This study was also designed to identify the "gene-environment interaction" specifically between gene polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolizing genetic enzyme(s) and blood OCP levels. GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphism was analysed by using multiplex PCR (...) These findings indicate that "gene-environment interaction" may play a key role in increasing the risk for UBC in individuals who are genetically more susceptible due to presence of GSTM1/GSTT1 null deletion during their routine encounter with or exposure to OCPs."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=24167181 (PMID: 24167181), of this scientific paper
(by Carmichael SL, Yang W, Roberts EM, Kegley SE, Wolff C, Guo L, Lammer EJ, English P, Shaw GM) Hypospadias and residential proximity to pesticide applications (Pediatrics. 2013 Nov;132(5):e1216-26. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1429. Epub 2013 Oct 28)
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"(...) Experimental evidence suggests pesticides may be associated with hypospadias.
OBJECTIVE: Examine the association of hypospadias with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications.
METHODS: The study population included male infants born from 1991 to 2004 to mothers residing in 8 California counties. Cases (n = 690) were ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program (...)
CONCLUSIONS: Most pesticides were not associated with elevated hypospadias risk. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24064777 (PMID: 24064777), of this scientific paper
(by Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD) Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. (J Occup Environ Med. 2013 Oct;55(10):1171-8. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b)
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"(...) There is an association between hypothyroidism and specific herbicides and insecticides in male applicators, similar to previous results for spouses"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24057998 (PMID: 24057998), of this scientific paper
(by Narayan S, Liew Z, Paul K, Lee PC, Sinsheimer JS, Bronstein JM, Ritz B.) Household organophosphorus pesticide use and Parkinson's disease. (Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Oct;42(5):1476-85. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt170. Epub 2013 Sep 20)
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"Household pesticide use is widespread in the USA. Since the 1970s, organophosphorus chemicals (OPs) have been common active ingredients in these products. Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to pesticide exposures but little is known about the contributions of chronic exposures to household pesticides (...) We provide evidence that household use of OP pesticides is associated with an increased risk of developing PD."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005916 (PMID: 24005916), of this scientific paper
(by Kós MI, Hoshino AC, Asmus CI, Mendonça R, Meyer A.) [Peripheral and central auditory effects of pesticide exposure: a systematic review]. (Cad Saude Publica. 2013 Aug;29(8):1491-506.)
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"(...) This study aimed to assess whether pesticide exposure causes peripheral or central auditory disorders and thus focused on the importance of hearing tests in populations with acute or chronic exposure. This was a systematic review of studies on the effects of pesticide exposure on the auditory system. The context and methodological quality of the full texts were analyzed. The review identified 143 studies on the theme, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria. All articles showed that pesticide exposure is ototoxic and leads to hearing loss"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23987116 (PMID: 23987116), of this scientific paper
(by Liu X, Ma T, Qu B, Ji Y, Liu Z.) Pesticide-induced gene mutations and Parkinson disease risk: a meta-analysis. (Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2013 Nov;17(11):826-32. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0313. Epub 2013 Aug 29.)
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"Increasing scientific evidence suggests that pesticide-induced gene mutations may contribute to increasing susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PD), but many existing studies have yielded inconclusive results (...) The current meta-analysis indicates that pesticide-induced gene mutations may contribute to increasing susceptibility to PD, especially in the GSTP1, SLC6A3, and MDR1 genes."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23966607 (PMID: 23966607), of this scientific paper
(by Xue Z, Li X, Su Q, Xu L, Zhang P, Kong Z, Xu J, Teng J.) Effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide exposure during pregnancy on the growth and development of infants.. (Asia Pac J Public Health. 2013 Jul;25(4 Suppl):72S-9S.)
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"Antenatal urine of 497 pregnant women was collected in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of a county hospital in Jiaozuo, Henan (...) The neural and mental development of the infants was assessed by the Development Screen Test (DST) scale. We observed that the level of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide exposure was negatively related to the neural and mental development of infants (β = -0.1527, P < 0.05). Therefore, direct or indirect exposure to synthetic pyrethroid pesticides should be avoided during pregnancy."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936670 (PMID: 23936670), of this scientific paper
(by Chhillar N, Singh NK, Banerjee BD, Bala K, Mustafa M, Sharma D, Chhillar M.) Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Parkinson's disease in north Indian population. (ISRN Neurol. 2013 Jul 8;2013:371034. doi: 10.1155/2013/371034. Print 2013)
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"The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, but environmental chemical exposures have been postulated to be involved in the etiology of PD. We examined the association between the persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PD in the North Indian population (...) OCPs (hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (...) dieldrin, (...)) were quantitatively estimated (...) This study indicates that increased level of β-HCH and dieldrin may be associated with the risk of PD"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23922854 (PMID: 23922854), of this scientific paper
(by Zhang J, Tang J, Cao B, Zhang Z, Li J, Schimmer AD, He S, Mao X) The natural pesticide dihydrorotenone induces human plasma cell apoptosis by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating p38 signaling pathway. . (PLoS One. 2013 Jul 26;8(7):e69911. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069911. Print 2013)
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"Dihydrorotenone (DHR) is a natural pesticide widely used in farming industry, such as organic produces. DHR is a potent mitochondrial inhibitor and probably induces Parkinsonian syndrome, however, it is not known whether DHR is toxic to other systems. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of DHR on human plasma cells (...) we found that DHR induced human plasma cell death (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23916637 (PMID: 23916637), of this scientific paper
(by Beard JD, Hoppin JA, Richards M, Alavanja MC, Blair A, Sandler DP, Kamel F) Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Stud. (Environ Res. 2013 Oct;126:31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.001. Epub 2013 Aug 2)
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"(...) Our study adds further evidence that high level pesticide exposure, such as pesticide poisoning, is associated with increased risk of depression (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886128 (PMID: 23886128), of this scientific paper
(by Yildirim M, Karakilinc H, Yildiz M, Kurtoglu E, Dilli UD, Goktas S, Demirpence O, Kaya V.) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and pesticide exposure in Turkey. (Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3461-3)
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"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a solid tumour of lymphocytes (...) Our study investigated the relationship of the pesticides used with NHL patients diagnosed during the same year. Since the time elapsing after exposure to pesticides until the development of cancer is not clear, no comparison can be made at present. We believe that the increase in use of pesticides since 1995 may be associated with the increase in the incidence of NHLand therefore that further studies on the issue including measurements of serum pesticide levels, are required."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23851580 (PMID: 23851580), of this scientific paper
(by Weisskopf MG, Moisan F, Tzourio C, Rathouz PJ, Elbaz A) Pesticide exposure and depression among agricultural workers in France. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Oct 1;178(7):1051-8. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt089. Epub 2013 Jul 12)
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"Pesticides are ubiquitous neurotoxicants, and several lines of evidence suggest that exposure may be associated with depression. Epidemiologic evidence has focused largely on organophosphate exposures, while research on other pesticides is limited (...) The hazard ratio for depression among those who used herbicides was 1.93 (...) Compared with nonusers, those who used herbicides for <19 years and ≥19 years (median for all herbicide users, 19 years) had hazard ratios of 1.51 (...) and 2.31 (...), respectively. Similar results were found for total hours of use (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844699 (PMID: 23844699), of this scientific paper
(by Allen MT, Levy LS.) Parkinson's disease and pesticide exposure--a new assessment. (Crit Rev Toxicol. 2013 Jul;43(6):515-34. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2013.798719)
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"Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease and its pathological feature is a loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra. Some commonly used pesticides possess neurotoxicity, and exposure to such compounds may trigger mechanisms similar to those in the development of idiopathic PD. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies, aiming at a critical evaluation of the association between the development of PD and pesticide exposure. Reported effect sizes (ES) in the relevant studies were pooled into the meta-analysis to derive summary ES. The summary ES suggested a significantly positive association between PD and overall pesticide use (non-occupational and/or occupational pesticide use) (...) as well as between PD and occupational pesticide exposure (...) Both occupational herbicide and occupational insecticide exposure showed a significant association with PD. The results of the meta-analysis reported in this study suggest the existence of a statistically positive association between PD and pesticide exposure (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835647 (PMID: 23835647), of this scientific paper
(by Sapbamrer R, Nata S.) Health symptoms related to pesticide exposure and agricultural tasks among rice farmers from Northern Thailand. (Environ Health Prev Med. 2014 Jan;19(1):12-20. doi: 10.1007/s12199-013-0349-3. Epub 2013 Jul 9)
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"(...) Data on demographic variables and health symptoms associated with pesticide exposure were collected from 182 rice farmers (exposed subjects) and 122 non-farmers (controlled group) using interviews and measuring whole blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity during August and October 2012 (...) Our findings suggest that occupational pesticide exposure and agricultural tasks in the paddy field may be associated with the increasing prevalence of respiratory tract and muscle symptoms (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23833127 (PMID: 23833127), of this scientific paper
(by Karami S, Andreotti G, Koutros S, Barry KH, Moore LE, Han S, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lubin JH, Burdette LA, Yuenger J, Yeager M, Freeman LE, Blair A, Alavanja MC.) Pesticide exposure and inherited variants in vitamin d pathway genes in relation to prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Sep;22(9):1557-66. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1454. Epub 2013 Jul 5)
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"(...) Vitamin D and its metabolites are believed to impede carcinogenesis by stimulating cell differentiation, inhibiting cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. Certain pesticides have been shown to deregulate vitamin D's anticarcinogenic properties. We hypothesize that certain pesticides may be linked to prostate cancer via an interaction with vitamin D genetic variant (...) We evaluated interactions between 41 pesticides and 152 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in nine vitamin D pathway genes among 776 prostate cancer cases and 1,444 male controls (...) In this study, genetic variations in vitamin D pathway genes, particularly GC rs7041, an SNP previously linked to lower circulating vitamin D levels, modified pesticide associations with prostate cancer risk (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23831764 (PMID: 23831764), of this scientific paper
(by Pan C, Wang Q, Liu YP, Xu LF, Li YF, Hu JX, Jiang M, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Yu HM, Zhou JL, Zhou XL, Xu LC) Anti-androgen effects of the pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin on interactions of androgen receptor with corepressors. (Toxicology. 2013 Sep 15;311(3):178-83. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.06.011. Epub 2013 Jul 4)
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"To clarify whether the mechanism of androgen receptor (AR) antagonism of the pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin associates with the interactions between the AR and corepressors silencing mediator for thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR), we have developed the mammalian two-hybrid assays (...) We provide a novel mechanism in anti-androgen action of cypermethrin (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23774483 (PMID: 23774483), of this scientific paper
(by Hou L, Andreotti G, Baccarelli AA, Savage S, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Barker J, Zhu ZZ, Hoxha M, Dioni L, Zhang X, Koutros S, Freeman LE, Alavanja MC) Lifetime pesticide use and telomere shortening among male pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. (Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Aug;121(8):919-24. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1206432. Epub 2013 Jun 7)
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"(...) Telomere length (TL) in surrogate tissues may be influenced by environmental exposures (...) Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured (...) Seven pesticides previously associated with cancer risk in the epidemiologic literature were inversely associated with RTL in buccal cell DNA among cancer-free pesticide applicators. Replication of these findings is needed because we cannot rule out chance or fully rule out bias."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23747713 (PMID: 23747713), of this scientific paper
(by Hernández AF, Gil F, Lacasaña M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Gómez-Martin A, Lozano D, Pla A) Modulation of the endogenous antioxidants paraoxonase-1 and urate by pesticide exposure and genetic variants of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. (Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Nov;61:164-70. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.039. Epub 2013 Jun 6.)
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" This study evaluated the association between pesticide exposure in farmworkers and plasma levels of the endogenous antioxidants urate and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) enzyme activities (...) These findings suggest that pesticide exposure may affect plasma antioxidant potential and that relevant gene-pesticide interactions may play a mechanistic role in oxidative stress-induced diseases following pesticide exposure (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23706883 (PMID: 23706883), of this scientific paper
(by Kausar A, Giri S, Roy P, Giri A) Changes in buccal micronucleus cytome parameters associated with smokeless tobacco and pesticide exposure among female tea garden workers of Assam, India. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Mar;217(2-3):169-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.007. Epub 2013 Apr 30)
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"(...) The present cytogenetic biomonitoring study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxic effect associated with workers in tea industries in southern Assam. Smokeless tobacco chewing along with betel nut is very common practice among the workers. Workers also get exposed periodically to mixture of pesticides. Employing buccal micronucleus cytome assay, exfoliated buccal cells were analyzed in 90 female tea garden and compared to 90 age and sex matched non-chewer control as well as 70 chewers who are not tea garden workers. Statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in genotoxic and cell death parameters was observed in tea garden workers compared to both the control groups (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23688862 (PMID: 23688862), of this scientific paper
(by Hernández AF, Gil F, Lacasaña M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Tsatsakis AM, Requena M, Parrón T, Alarcón R.) Pesticide exposure and genetic variation in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes interact to induce biochemical liver damage. (Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Nov;61:144-51. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.012. Epub 2013 May 18)
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"Metabolic activation of pesticides in the liver may result in highly reactive intermediates capable of impairing various cellular functions (...) The obtained results therefore support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure results in subtle biochemical liver toxicity and highlight the role of genetic polymorphisms in pesticide-metabolizing enzymes as biomarkers of susceptibility for developing adverse health effects."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23602533 (PMID: 23602533), of this scientific paper
(by Boccolini Pde M, Boccolini CS, Chrisman Jde R, Markowitz SB, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, Meyer A.) Pesticide use and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality in Brazil. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Jul;216(4):461-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Mar 26)
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"(...) Brazil is one of the major pesticide consumers in the world. The continuous exposure to these substances may be etiologically associated with the development of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (...) A moderate correlation between per capita pesticides consumption and standardized mortality rate for NHL was observed (r=0.597). In addition, using the lowest quartile of pesticide consumption as a reference, the higher the quartile of pesticide consumption, the higher was NHL mortality risk (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591545 (PMID: 23591545), of this scientific paper
(by La Merrill M, Cirillo PM, Terry MB, Krigbaum NY, Flom JD, Cohn BA.) Prenatal exposure to the pesticide DDT and hypertension diagnosed in women before age 50: a longitudinal birth cohort study. (Environ Health Perspect. 2013 May;121(5):594-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205921. Epub 2013 Mar 12)
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"(...) We assessed whether prenatal exposure to the pesticide DDT increases risk of adult hypertension (...) These findings suggest that the association between DDT exposure and hypertension may have its origins early in development."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23564249 (PMID: 23564249), of this scientific paper
(by Kachuri L, Demers PA, Blair A, Spinelli JJ, Pahwa M, McLaughlin JR, Pahwa P, Dosman JA, Harris SA. ) Multiple pesticide exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma in Canadian men. (Int J Cancer. 2013 Oct 15;133(8):1846-58. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28191. Epub 2013 May 2)
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"Multiple myeloma (MM) has been linked to certain agricultural exposures, including pesticides (...) Significant associations observed for certain chemical classes and individual pesticides suggest that these may be MM risk factors."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557688 (PMID: 23557688), of this scientific paper
(by Bulgaroni V, Lombardo P, Rivero-Osimani V, Vera B, Dulgerian L, Cerbán F, Rivero V, Magnarelli G, Guiñazú N.) Environmental pesticide exposure modulates cytokines, arginase and ornithine decarboxylase expression in human placenta. (Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Aug;39:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.010. Epub 2013 Apr 1)
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"To evaluate the cytokine balance and enzymatic alterations induced by environmental pesticide exposure during pregnancy, this transversal study explored placentas derived from non-exposed women (control group-CG), and from women living in a rural area (rural group-RG), collected during intensive organophosphate (OP) pesticide spraying season (RG-SS) and during non-spraying season (RG-NSS) (...) These findings suggest that environmental pesticide exposure impacts the placenta by increasing the expression frequency of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, which may be related to the up-regulation of enzymes implicated in tissue repair."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535362 (PMID: 23535362), of this scientific paper
(by Chorfa A, Bétemps D, Morignat E, Lazizzera C, Hogeveen K, Andrieu T, Baron T) Specific pesticide-dependent increases in α-synuclein levels in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cell lines. (Toxicol Sci. 2013 Jun;133(2):289-97. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft076. Epub 2013 Mar 27)
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"Epidemiological studies indicate a role of genetic and environmental factors in Parkinson's disease involving alterations of the neuronal α-synuclein (α-syn) protein. In particular, a relationship between Parkinson's disease and occupational exposure to pesticides has been repeatedly suggested (...) Our data support the hypothesis that pesticides can trigger some molecular events involved in this disease and also in malignant melanoma that consistently shows a significant but still unexplained association with Parkinson's disease."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532982 (PMID: 23532982), of this scientific paper
(by Fiore M, Mattiuzzo M, Mancuso G, Totta P, Degrassi F.) The pesticide dichlorvos disrupts mitotic division by delocalizing the kinesin Kif2a from centrosomes. (Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 May;54(4):250-60. doi: 10.1002/em.21769. Epub 2013 Mar 26)
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"The molecular mechanism(s) mediating long-term adverse effects of dichlorvos, a widely used insecticide, are still unclear (...)Collectively, these results indicate that environmental chemicals, such as dichlorvos, may promote chromosome instability by interfering with the cell division machinery."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460586 (PMID: 23460586), of this scientific paper
(by Khan DA, Ahad K, Ansari WM, Khan H.) Pesticide exposure and endocrine dysfunction in the cotton crop agricultural workers of southern Punjab, Pakistan. (Asia Pac J Public Health. 2013 Mar;25(2):181-91. doi: 10.1177/1010539511417422)
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"This study evaluated pesticide effects on reproductive and thyroid hormones of cotton farmers of southern Punjab, Pakistan (...) Pesticide exposure is associated with thyroid and reproductive hormone levels disturbance."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438386 (PMID: 23438386), of this scientific paper
(by Martenies SE, Perry MJ) Environmental and occupational pesticide exposure and human sperm parameters: a systematic review. (Toxicology. 2013 May 10;307:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 22.)
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" Of continuing concern are the associations between environmental or occupational exposures to pesticides and semen quality parameters (...) The evidence presented in this review continues to support the hypothesis that exposures to pesticides at environmentally or occupationally relevant levels may be associated with decreased sperm health (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23416173 (PMID: 23416173), of this scientific paper
(by Zaganas I, Kapetanaki S, Mastorodemos V, Kanavouras K, Colosio C, Wilks MF, Tsatsakis AM.) Linking pesticide exposure and dementia: what is the evidence?. (Toxicology. 2013 May 10;307:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.002. Epub 2013 Feb 14.)
we read
"(...) Indeed, many studies have found increased prevalence of cognitive, behavioral and psychomotor dysfunction in individuals chronically exposed to pesticides. Furthermore, evidence from recent studies shows a possible association between chronic pesticide exposure and an increased prevalence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. At the cellular and molecular level, the mechanism of action of many classes of pesticides suggests that these compounds could be, at least partly, accountable for the neurodegeneration accompanying AD and other dementias. For example, organophosphates, which inhibit acetylcholinesterase as do the drugs used in treating AD symptoms, have also been shown to lead to microtubule derangements and tau hyperphosphorylation, a hallmark of AD. This emerging association is of considerable public health importance, given the increasing dementia prevalence and pesticide use (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376090 (PMID: 23376090), of this scientific paper
(by Boucher O, Simard MN, Muckle G, Rouget F, Kadhel P, Bataille H, Chajès V, Dallaire R, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S.) Exposure to an organochlorine pesticide (chlordecone) and development of 18-month-old infants. (Neurotoxicology. 2013 Mar;35:162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Jan 29.)
we read
"Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used in the French West Indies until the early 1990s for banana weevil borer control. Human exposure to this chemical in this area still occurs nowadays due to consumption of contaminated food (...) These results suggest that prenatal exposure to chlordecone is associated with specific impairments in fine motor function in boys, and add to the growing evidence that exposure to organochlorine pesticides early in life impairs child development."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322675 (PMID: 23322675), of this scientific paper
(by Alavanja MC, Ross MK, Bonner MR.) Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure. (CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Mar-Apr;63(2):120-42. doi: 10.3322/caac.21170. Epub 2013 Jan 15.)
we read
"A growing number of well-designed epidemiological and molecular studies provide substantial evidence that the pesticides used in agricultural, commercial, and home and garden applications are associated with excess cancer risk. This risk is associated both with those applying the pesticide and, under some conditions, those who are simply bystanders to the application. In this article, the epidemiological, molecular biology, and toxicological evidence emerging from recent literature assessing the link between specific pesticides and several cancers including prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer are integrated (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23246862 (PMID: 23246862), of this scientific paper
(by Moretto A1, Colosio C.) The role of pesticide exposure in the genesis of Parkinson's disease: epidemiological studies and experimental data. (Toxicology. 2013 May 10;307:24-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.021. Epub 2012 Dec 12.)
we read
"Parkinsons' disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that is a consequence of premature death of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra. A number of observations have led to the hypothesis that environmental factors, including pesticides, play a significant role in the development of PD. Among pesticides, most commonly herbicides (paraquat in particular) and insecticides have been considered (...) A possible role of acute poisonings or episodes of excessive exposure, and/or of combined exposures especially at early age and/or in the presence of certain genetic variants can be hypothesised (...) According to the available data, from a public health point of view, prevention of "high" exposures, even asymptomatic ones, especially in utero and during early age is a priority."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171882 (PMID: 23171882), of this scientific paper
(by Koutros S1, Beane Freeman LE, Lubin JH, Heltshe SL, Andreotti G, Barry KH, DellaValle CT, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lynch CF, Blair A, Alavanja MC.) Risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer and pesticide use in the Agricultural Health Study. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan 1;177(1):59-74. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws225. Epub 2012 Nov 21)
we read
"Because pesticides may operate through different mechanisms, the authors studied the risk of prostate cancer associated with specific pesticides in the Agricultural Health Study (1993-2007). With 1,962 incident cases, including 919 aggressive prostate cancers among 54,412 applicators, this is the largest study to date (...) Three organophosphate insecticides were significantly associated with aggressive prostate cancer: fonofos (...) malathion (...) and terbufos (...) The organochlorine insecticide aldrin was also associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23141556 (PMID: 23141556), of this scientific paper
(by Dewan P, Jain V, Gupta P, Banerjee BD.) Organochlorine pesticide residues in maternal blood, cord blood, placenta, and breastmilk and their relation to birth size. (2013 Feb;90(5):1704-10. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.083. Epub 2012 Nov 6.)
we read
"There is a growing concern that persistent organic pollutants like organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can impair fetal growth and affect birth size (...) In this case-control study, we examined the association between exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and birth size. We recruited 60 infant-mother pairs, comprising of 30 term, small for gestational age babies with their mothers (Case group), a (Control group) (...) The OCP levels in the case group were higher than the control group (...) There was a significant negative correlation between birthweight and t-HCH levels in maternal blood (P=0.022), cord blood (...), placenta (P=0.008) and breastmilk (P=0.005); β-HCH in cord blood (...) and placenta (P=0.020); γ-HCH in placenta (P=0.045); and DDT (P=0.009). Length at birth had a significant negative correlation with t-HCH in cord blood (P=0.014) and breastmilk (...); β-HCH in cord blood (P=0.016) and breastmilk (P=0.012); DDE in placenta (P=0.016); and DDT in breastmilk (P=0.006). Similarly, OCP levels were also found to be negatively correlated with head circumference, ponderal index and chest circumference in neonates. We conclude that prenatal exposure to some OCPs could impair the anthropometric development of the fetus, reducing the birthweight, length, head circumference, chest circumference and ponderal inde"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092909 (PMID: 23092909), of this scientific paper
(by Ferreira JD1, Couto AC, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Koifman S; Brazilian Collaborative Study Group of Infant Acute Leukemia) In utero pesticide exposure and leukemia in Brazilian children < 2 years of age. (Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Feb;121(2):269-75. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103942. Epub 2012 Oct 22)
we read
"(...) These results support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure during pregnancy may be involved in the etiology of acute leukemia in children (...) 2 years of age."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092715 (PMID: 23092715), of this scientific paper
(by Steenland K, Wesseling C, Román N, Quirós I, Juncos JL.) Occupational pesticide exposure and screening tests for neurodegenerative disease among an elderly population in Costa Rica. (Environ Res. 2013 Jan;120:96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.014. Epub 2012 Oct 22.)
we read
"(...) Pesticides have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a few. (...) We conducted screening tests for neurologic disease and occupational pesticide use in a population-based sample of 400 elderly subjects (...) Elderly subjects with past occupational pesticide exposure performed significantly worse on screening tests for dementia and PD, and had an increased risk of an eventual PD diagnosis (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388412 (PMID: 24388412), of this scientific paper
(by Michalakis M, Tzatzarakis MN, Kovatsi L, Alegakis AK, Tsakalof AK, Heretis I, Tsatsakis A) Hypospadias in offspring is associated with chronic exposure of parents to organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides. (Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 15;230(2):139-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Oct 25)
we read
"We have currently evaluated the possible association between hypospadias and exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides (...) Our study supports the hypothesis that organophosphate and organochlorine pesticide exposure may be a potential risk factor for hypospadias."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24368944 (PMID: 24368944), of this scientific paper
(by Arora SK, Batra P, Sharma T, Banerjee BD, Gupta S.) Role of organochlorine pesticides in children with idiopathic seizures. (ISRN Pediatr. 2013 Dec 3;2013:849709. doi: 10.1155/2013/849709. eCollection 2013)
we read
"Background. Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are persistent organic pollutants that have been implicated in causing several deleterious effects in humans. These are known neurotoxins in high doses, but the role of environmentally acquired OCPs in the body to induce seizures in children has not been investigated yet (...) Results. Levels of β, γ, and total HCH were significantly higher among cases as compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. There exists a possible association between idiopathic seizures and high serum levels of OCPs, especially HCH."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347299 (PMID: 24347299), of this scientific paper
(by Sengupta P, Banerjee R) Environmental toxins: alarming impacts of pesticides on male fertility. (Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014 Oct;33(10):1017-39. doi: 10.1177/0960327113515504. Epub 2013 Dec 17)
we read
"This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of more than 15 mostly used pesticides on male reproductive physiology, as recent experimental and epidemiological research have indicated their alarming impact on overall human health. Mechanisms have described that pesticide exposure damages spermatozoa, alter Sertoli or Leydig cell function, both in vitro and in vivo and thus affects semen quality (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24325314 (PMID: 24325314), of this scientific paper
(by Aminov Z, Haase RF, Pavuk M, Carpenter DO; Anniston Environmental Health Research Consortium.) Analysis of the effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides on serum lipid levels in residents of Anniston, Alabama. (Environ Health. 2013 Dec 11;12:108. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-108)
we read
"(...) Anniston, Alabama, is the site of a former Monsanto plant where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were manufactured from 1929 until 1971. Residents of Anniston are known to have elevated levels of PCBs (...) We observed that elevated serum concentrations of lipids were associated with elevated serum concentrations of ΣPCBs and summed pesticides in analyses adjusted for age, race, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and exercising status (...) Increased concentrations of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides are associated with elevations in total serum lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides, but the patterns are different for different groups of PCBs and different pesticides. These observations show selective effects of different organochlorines on serum concentrations of different groups of lipids. This elevation in concentrations of serum lipids may be the basis for the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease found in persons with elevated exposures to PCBs and chlorinated pesticides."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300635 (PMID: 24300635), of this scientific paper
(by Ochieng AA, Dalvie MA, Little F, Kromhout H.) Relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and anthropometric outcomes of boys in the rural Western Cape, South Africa. (S Afr Med J. 2013 Sep 30;103(12):942-7. doi: 10.7196/samj.6942)
we read
"(...) Rural residents in the Western Cape (WC), South Africa (SA) are highly exposed to agricultural pesticides that could impact their reproductive development. However, epidemiological evidence of the effect of pesticides on pubertal growth is contradictor (...) The use of quantitative exposure indices showed that lower heights and weights might be associated with pesticide exposure in farm boys v. non-farm boys, but not among farm boys. Lower anthropometric measurements among farm boys v. non-farm boys appear stronger at a younger age. The indices of environmental exposure to pesticides require further development."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269242 (PMID: 24269242), of this scientific paper
(by Parrón T, Requena M, Hernández AF, Alarcón R.) Environmental exposure to pesticides and cancer risk in multiple human organ systems. (Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 15;230(2):157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.009. Epub 2013 Nov 20)
we read
"There is growing evidence on the association between long-term exposure to pesticides in occupational settings and an elevated rate of chronic diseases, including different types of cancer. However, data on non-occupational exposures are scarce to draw any conclusion (...) Conditional logistic regression analyses showed that the population living in areas with high pesticide use had an increased risk of cancer at all sites studied (odds ratios between 1.15 and 3.45) with the exception of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The results of this study support and extend previous evidence from occupational studies indicating that environmental exposure to pesticides may be a risk factor for different types of cancer at the level of the general population."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266411 (PMID: 24266411), of this scientific paper
(by Uysal M, Bozcuk H, Karakilinc H, Goksu S, Tatli AM, Gunduz S, Arslan D, Coskun HS, Savas B.) Pesticides and cancer: the first incidence study conducted in Turkey. (J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2013;32(3):245-9)
we read
"The incidence of cancer is increasing in Turkey and worldwide. One of the reasons for this increase may be the consumption of products that are grown in greenhouses with the intensive use of pesticides (...) Results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the increased incidence of multiple myeloma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and malignant melanoma with an increase in the total area of agricultural field."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24216264 (PMID: 24216264), of this scientific paper
(by Siddarth M, Datta SK, Mustafa M, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK.) Increased level of organochlorine pesticides in chronic kidney disease patients of unknown etiology: role of GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism. (Chemosphere. 2014 Feb;96:174-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.029. Epub 2013 Nov 9)
we read
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology represents about 16% of CKD patients in Indian subcontinents and 10% worldwide. The aetiology of CKD of unknown etiology remains unclear though epidemiological studies indicate the involvement of the environmental toxins. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been detected in general population in India. It is possible that polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) may play an important role in this process (...) Polymorphism of XMEs not only increased accumulation of pesticides but also aggravates kidney dysfunction as evident from significant decrease in eGFR."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192044 (PMID: 24192044), of this scientific paper
(by Upson K, De Roos AJ, Thompson ML, Sathyanarayana S, Scholes D, Barr DB, Holt VL.) Organochlorine pesticides and risk of endometriosis: findings from a population-based case-control study. (Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Nov-Dec;121(11-12):1319-24. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306648. Epub 2013 Nov 5)
we read
"(...) Endometriosis is considered an estrogen-dependent disease. Persistent environmental chemicals that exhibit hormonal properties, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), may affect endometriosis risk (...) OCP concentrations were measured in sera from surgically confirmed endometriosis cases (n = 248) first diagnosed between 1996 and 2001 and from population-based controls (n = 538) (...) In our case-control study of women enrolled in a large health care system in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, serum concentrations of β-HCH and mirex were positively associated with endometriosis. Extensive past use of environmentally persistent OCPs in the United States or present use in other countries may affect the health of reproductive-age women."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183346 (PMID: 24183346), of this scientific paper
(by Freire C, Koifman RJ, Sarcinelli PN, Simões Rosa AC, Clapauch R, Koifman S) Long-term exposure to organochlorine pesticides and thyroid status in adults in a heavily contaminated area in Brazil. (Environ Res. 2013 Nov;127:7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Oct 29)
we read
"Organochlorine (OC) pesticides are endocrine disruptors altering the thyroid hormonal system. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between exposure to OC pesticides and thyroid status in adults from a rural area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, heavily contaminated with OC pesticides. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 303 men and 305 women >14 years old (...) These results suggest that OC pesticides can affect the thyroid system through gender-specific mechanisms that may differ among compounds. Further detailed investigations and health monitoring should be warranted for this population."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161582 (PMID: 24161582), of this scientific paper
(by Kim KS, Lee YM, Kim SG, Lee IK, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Kim J, Moon HB, Jacobs DR Jr, Lee DH.) Associations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. (Chemosphere. 2014 Jan;94:151-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.066. Epub 2013 Oct 22)
we read
"Background exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been linked to type 2 diabetes (...) Some OC pesticides or PCBs, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes, and PCBs with 5 or less chlorides showed significant associations with diabetes or insulin resistance (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24160309 (PMID: 24160309), of this scientific paper
(by Azandjeme CS, Bouchard M, Fayomi B, Djrolo F, Houinato D, Delisle H) Growing burden of diabetes in sub-saharan Africa: contribution of pesticides ? (Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Nov;9(6):437-49)
we read
"The diabetes burden is growing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (...) According to existing data in developed countries, exposure to pesticides, particularly organochlorines and metabolites, is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities. In African countries, pesticide exposure levels often appear much higher than in developed countries. Furthermore, undernutrition, which is still highly prevalent in SSA, could increase susceptibility to the adverse effects of organic pollutants (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149046 (PMID: 24149046), of this scientific paper
(by Oulhote Y, Bouchard MF.) Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children. (Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Nov-Dec;121(11-12):1378-84. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306667. Epub 2013 Oct 22)
we read
"(…) In contrast with previous studies, we did not observe an association between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and behavioral scores in children. However, some pyrethroid urinary metabolites were associated with a high level of parent-reported behavioral problems. (…)

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24142985 (PMID: 24142985), of this scientific paper
(by de Jong K, Boezen HM, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Postma DS, Vonk JM; LifeLines Cohort study.) Pesticides and other occupational exposures are associated with airway obstruction: the LifeLines cohort study. (Occup Environ Med. 2014 Feb;71(2):88-96. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101639. Epub 2013 Oct 10)
we read
"Occupational exposures are important and possibly modifiable contributors to the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes (VGDF) has been associated with a two- to threefold higher COPD risk (…) We included 11 851 subjects aged 18-89 years from the LifeLines cohort study (…) Occupational exposure to both VGDF and pesticides is associated with airway obstruction in the general population."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24121005 (PMID: 24121005), of this scientific paper
(by Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero BA, Barr DB, Steenland K, Levy K, Ryan PB, Iglesias V, Alvarado S, Concha C, Rojas E, Vega C) Neurodevelopmental effects in children associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic review. (Neurotoxicology. 2013 Dec;39:158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Oct 9)
we read
"Many studies have investigated the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and early childhood exposures to organophosphate (OP) pesticides among children, but they have not been collectively evaluated. The aim of the present article is to synthesize reported evidence over the last decade on OP exposure and neurodevelopmental effects in children (…) Twenty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria (…) All but one of the 27 studies evaluated showed some negative effects of pesticides on neurobehavioral development. A positive dose-response relationship between OP exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes was found in all but one of the 12 studies that assessed dose-response. In the ten longitudinal studies that assessed prenatal exposure to OPs, cognitive deficits (related to working memory) were found in children at age 7 years, behavioral deficits (related to attention) seen mainly in toddlers, and motor deficits (abnormal reflexes) seen mainly in neonates. No meta-analysis was possible due to different measurements of exposure assessment and outcomes. Eleven studies (all longitudinal) were rated high, 14 studies were rated intermediate, and two studies were rated low. Evidence of neurological deficits associated with exposure to OP pesticides in children is growing. The studies reviewed collectively support the hypothesis that exposure to OP pesticides induces neurotoxic effects (…)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24082509 (PMID: 24082509), of this scientific paper
(by Dhalla AS, Sharma S.) Assessment of serum cholinesterase in rural punjabi sprayers exposed to a mixture of pesticides. (Toxicol Int. 2013 May;20(2):154-9. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.117258.)
we read
"Serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity is considered as a biomarker and is also taken as an exposure index to assess the low level, chronic residue exposures among sprayers. Thus, cholinesterase activity was studied in the professional rural Punjabi sprayers of Bathinda district in Punjab. This study was made to estimate the irregularities in the level of cholinesterase according to multiple pesticides used by sprayers, exposure periods, age, and body mass index (BMI) of the sprayers (…) A positive correlation was found between SChE activity and years of exposure and a significant reduction in SChE activity was observed in younger population. Again, a positive correlation was seen between BMI and SChE inhibition."

reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24007483 (PMID: 24007483), of this scientific paper
(by Wafa T, Nadia K, Amel N, Ikbal C, Insaf T, Asma K, Hedi MA, Mohamed H) Oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alterations in farmers exposed to pesticides. (J Environ Sci Health B. 2013;48(12):1058-69. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2013.824285)
we read
"In this study, a cohort of farmers from the Mateur region in the North of Tunisia, were interviewed and examined for the biochemical effects of pesticides. We studied their haematological profile, lipid parameters, serum markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. We also evaluated the activities of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiolactonase-paroxonase (PON). Moreover, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. The duration of pesticide use and the farmers' age were considered in the analysis. Our results revealed significant differences in some haematological parameters, in liver and kidney functions, in the lipidic status of the pesticide-exposed group. We also reported an increase in the index of incidence of cardiovascular risk in farmer populations. A significant decrease in AChE, BChE and PON levels was found among farmers. Lipid peroxidation, however, increased. The activities of SOD and CAT were remarkably elevated in farmer populations (…)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24003705 (PMID: 24003705), of this scientific paper
(by Verzilina IN, Churnosov MI, Evdokimov VI.) [Multifactorial analysis of the impact of pesticides on the gynecologic rate in adolescents in the Belgorod Region]. (Gig Sanit. 2013 Mar-Apr;(2):67-70)
we read
"In the course of the performed study the significant influence of pesticides introduced into arable farmland, on the frequency of gynecological morbidity in adolescents (…) With increasing pesticide load on the soil the prevalence of gynecological pathology in adolescents in rural areas is raising."

reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23973536 (PMID: 23973536), of this scientific paper
(by Jain RB1) Association between thyroid function and selected organochlorine pesticides: data from NHANES 2001-2002. (Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jan 1;466-467:706-15. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.087. Epub 2013 Aug 25)
we read
"Exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP) has been shown to be associated with adverse thyroid function. The impact of exposure to selected OCPs on total serum thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was evaluated by analyzing data from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Oxychlordane, p,p'-DDE, trans-nonachlor, and heptachlor epoxide were selected for analysis. Regression models with logs of TSH and TT4 as dependent variables and OCP exposure, race/ethnicity, iodine and smoking status, total lipids and others as independent variables were fitted. TSH levels increased (p < 0.05) with increase in trans-nonachlor exposure for 20-39 year old iodine deficient males. TSH levels were higher when oxychlordane exposure was low than when the exposure was medium or high for 20-39 year old iodine deficient females (p < 0.05). For iodine deficient females, TT4 levels were lower when p,p'-DDE exposure was low than when it was medium (p < 0.05). For non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), TT4 levels decreased with increase in exposure to heptachlor epoxide (p < 0.05). For iodine replete males, TSH levels increased with increase in trans-nonachlor exposure (p < 0.05). For iodine replete females, (i) Mexican Americans (MA) had higher TSH levels when the exposure to oxychlordane was medium than when the exposure was low; (ii) for 60+years old, there was a positive association between TSH and heptachlor epoxide levels; and (iii) TT4 levels had an inverse association with trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane (…)"

reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23972672 (PMID: 23972672), of this scientific paper
(by Freire C, Koifman RJ, Sarcinelli PN, Rosa AC, Clapauch R, Koifman S.) Association between serum levels of organochlorine pesticides and sex hormones in adults living in a heavily contaminated area in Brazil. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Mar;217(2-3):370-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Aug 1)
we read
"(…) A cross-sectional study with 304 men and 300 women was undertaken. Wet weight serum concentrations of 19 OC pesticides (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT] and hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH], among others) were determined in all participants. Testosterone levels were obtained for men and estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for women. Associations between OC pesticides and sex hormones were evaluated using linear regression models (…) Inverse associations between OC pesticide concentrations and testosterone in men and LH and FSH in peri-/postmenopausal women, together with the high proportion of women with elevated prolactin, suggest that these OC compounds may have triggered anti-androgenic effects in men and estrogenic effects in women in this population."

reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936093 (PMID: 23936093), of this scientific paper
(by Fareed M, Pathak MK, Bihari V, Kamal R, Srivastava AK, Kesavachandran CN.) Adverse respiratory health and hematological alterations among agricultural workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides: a cross-sectional study in North India. (PLoS One. 2013 Jul 25;8(7):e69755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069755. Print 2013)
we read
"(…) A cross sectional study was undertaken among 166 pesticide sprayers working in mango orchards of Lucknow district in North India compared with 77 controls to assess the respiratory illness, lung functions, cholinesterase levels and hematological profile (…) This study shows that the unsafe occupational exposure of OP pesticides causes respiratory illness, decreased lung functions and hematological alterations among pesticide sprayers."

reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899931 (PMID: 23899931), of this scientific paper
(by Wei Y, Zhu J, Nguyen A) Urinary concentrations of dichlorophenol pesticides and obesity among adult participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Mar;217(2-3):294-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 8.)
we read
"Accumulating evidence from recent studies has suggested a possible link between exposure to environmental pesticides and obesity. In this study, we assessed the potential associations between exposure to dichlorophenol pesticides and obesity in adults. Study participants aged 20-85 years were selected from the 2005 to 2006 and 2007 to 2008 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and were categorized as obese and non-obese based on body mass index. Creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of dichlorophenols were determined to assess level of exposure to environmental pesticides (…) Our findings suggest a potential relationship between exposure to the fumigant insecticide paradichlorobenzene, measured as urinary concentrations of 2,5-DCP, and obesity in adults. Because we cannot rule out the possibility of reverse causality in our study, prospective studies measuring exposure during etiologically relevant periods are warranted."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871272 (PMID: 23871272), of this scientific paper
(by Kielb C, Lin S, Herdt-Losavio M, Bell E, Chapman B, Rocheleau CM, Lawson C, Waters M, Stewart P, Olney RS, Romitti PA, Cao Y, Druschel C; National Birth Defects Prevention Study) Maternal periconceptional occupational exposure to pesticides and selected musculoskeletal birth defects. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Mar;217(2-3):248-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jun 20.)
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"(...) Cases included 871 live-born, stillborn, or electively terminated fetuses with isolated craniosynostosis, gastroschisis, diaphragmatic hernia, or transverse limb deficiencies. Controls included 2857 live-born infants without major malformations (...) Exposures analyzed included any exposure (yes/no) to pesticides, to insecticides only, to both insecticides and herbicides (I+H) and to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides (I+H+F) (...) Occupational exposure to I+H+F was associated with gastroschisis among infants of women aged 20 years or older (...) but not for women under age 20 (...). We found no significant associations for the other defects (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23756639 (PMID: 23756639), of this scientific paper
(by Navaranjan G, Hohenadel K, Blair A, Demers PA, Spinelli JJ, Pahwa P, McLaughlin JR, Dosman JA, Ritter L, Harris SA) Exposures to multiple pesticides and the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men. (Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Sep;24(9):1661-73. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0240-y. Epub 2013 Jun 12)
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"To determine the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) associated with exposures to multiple pesticides grouped by various classes, including carcinogenic classifications. (...) Cases (n = 316) (...) Controls (n = 1,506) (...) This study found associations between HL and fungicides, insecticides, specifically acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and pesticides previously identified as probable human carcinogens (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23752541 (PMID: 23752541), of this scientific paper
(by de Sena TR, Vargas MM, Oliveira CC) [Hearing care and quality of life among workers exposed to pesticides]. (Cien Saude Colet. 2013 Jun;18(6):1753-61.)
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"(...) A total of 351 adult workers aged 18 to 59 years were selected, with current or past work activity in rural areas, with or without use of pesticides (...) The results related the use of pesticide with the degree of toxicity in the presence of hearing loss and indices of quality of life (...). This study proved that agricultural workers, users of pesticides showed the worst levels of quality of life when compared with those who have not handled them. The use of pesticides and their toxicity class interfered in a most striking way in the classification of hearing loss presented in this group (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23713084 (PMID: 23713084), of this scientific paper
(by Pezzoli G, Cereda E) Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease. (Neurology. 2013 May 28;80(22):2035-41. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318294b3c8.)
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"(...) To investigate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) associated with exposure to pesticides and solvents using meta-analyses of data from cohort and case-control studies. (...) A total of 104 studies/3,087 citations fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (...) The literature supports the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides or solvents is a risk factor for PD (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640389 (PMID: 23640389), of this scientific paper
(by Khayat CB, Costa EO, Gonçalves MW, da Cruz e Cunha DM, da Cruz AS, de Araújo Melo CO, Bastos RP, da Cruz AD, de Melo e Silva D) Assessment of DNA damage in Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to pesticides: a study from Central Brazil. (Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Oct;20(10):7334-40. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1747-1. Epub 2013 May 3.)
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"We evaluated 41 rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 32 subjects as a control group (...) Our results indicate that occupational exposure to pesticides could cause genome damage in somatic cells (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636596 (PMID: 23636596), of this scientific paper
(by Pathak MK, Fareed M, Srivastava AK, Pangtey BS, Bihari V, Kuddus M, Kesavachandran C) Seasonal variations in cholinesterase activity, nerve conduction velocity and lung function among sprayers exposed to mixture of pesticides. (Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Oct;20(10):7296-300. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1743-5. Epub 2013 May 1)
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"(...) Blood cholinesterase levels, pulmonary function test, nerve conduction velocity and self-reported symptoms were studied among 18 eligible and consenting male sprayers. Mean acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced by 55 % in the post-exposure assessment (...) as compared to pre-exposure levels. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 20 % lower in the post-exposure assessment as compared to the pre-exposure level (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587011 (PMID: 23587011), of this scientific paper
(by Swaminathan K) Pesticides and human diabetes: a link worth exploring? (Diabet Med. 2013 Nov;30(11):1268-71. doi: 10.1111/dme.12212.)
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"(...) there is increasing evidence linking environmental pollutants, especially pesticides, to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Pesticide use has increased dramatically worldwide and the effects of pesticides on glucose metabolism are too significant for a possible diabetogenic link to be dismissed. The aim of this review article was to assess the links between pesticides and human diabetes (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567326 (PMID: 23567326), of this scientific paper
(by Van Maele-Fabry G, Hoet P, Lison D) Parental occupational exposure to pesticides as risk factor for brain tumors in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Environ Int. 2013 Jun;56:19-31. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.011. Epub 2013 Apr 9)
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"(...) This meta-analysis supports an association between parental occupational exposure to pesticides and brain tumors in children and young adults, and adds to the evidence leading to the recommendation of minimizing (parental) occupational exposure to pesticides. These results must, however, be interpreted with caution because the impact of work-related factors others than pesticide exposure is not known."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558445 (PMID: 23558445), of this scientific paper
(by Greenop KR, Peters S, Bailey HD, Fritschi L, Attia J, Scott RJ, Glass DC, de Klerk NH, Alvaro F, Armstrong BK, Milne E) Exposure to pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors. (Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jul;24(7):1269-78. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0205-1. Epub 2013 Apr 5.)
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"(...) Previous research has suggested positive associations between parental or childhood exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood brain tumors (CBT). This Australian case-control study of CBT investigated whether exposures to pesticides before pregnancy, during pregnancy and during childhood, were associated with an increased risk (...) These results suggest that preconception pesticide exposure, and possibly exposure during pregnancy, is associated with an increased CBT risk (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23544381 (PMID: 23544381), of this scientific paper
(by Thany SH, Reynier P, Lenaers G.) [Neurotoxicity of pesticides: its relationship with neurodegenerative diseases]. (Med Sci (Paris). 2013 Mar;29(3):273-8. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2013293013. Epub 2013 Mar 27 )
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"Several epidemiological studies suggest that pesticides could lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Among pesticides, insecticides appear more neurotoxic than others (...) The currently used pesticides such as rotenone and paraquat could disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetic function, reactive oxygen metabolism, redox function and promote α-synuclein aggregation. In addition, recent studies demonstrate that genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's disease could monitor pesticide susceptibility, as demonstrated for polymorphisms in pesticide metabolizing enzymes that are involved in organophosphorus sensitivity."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526196 (PMID: 23526196), of this scientific paper
(by Polańska K, Jurewicz J, Hanke W) Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children. (Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013 Mar;26(1):16-38. doi: 10.2478/s13382-013-0073-7. Epub 2013 Mar 22)
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"The aim of this review was to investigate the association between attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-related symptoms and industrial chemicals, such as organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, mercury and manganese. Medline, PubMed and EBSCO searches were performed to identify the studies that analyzed the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to such toxicants and ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 2000. Most of the presented studies focused on pesticides, PCB and lead. The impact of mercury and manganese was investigated less frequently. The findings indicate that children's exposure to organophosphate pesticides may cause symptoms consistent with pervasive developmental disorder, ADHD or attention problems. Exposures to organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were associated with ADHD-like behaviors such as alertness, quality of alert response, and cost of attention (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23445617 (PMID: 23445617), of this scientific paper
(by Miranda-Contreras L, Gómez-Pérez R, Rojas G, Cruz I, Berrueta L, Salmen S, Colmenares M, Barreto S, Balza A, Zavala L, Morales Y, Molina Y, Valeri L, Contreras CA, Osuna JA) Occupational exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides affects sperm chromatin integrity and reproductive hormone levels among Venezuelan farm workers. (J Occup Health. 2013;55(3):195-203. Epub 2013 Feb 27)
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"(...) Several reports suggest that chronic pesticide exposure may affect semen quality and male fertility in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides and semen quality, as well as levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones of Venezuelan farm workers (...) Thirty-five healthy men (unexposed group) and 64 male agricultural workers (exposed group) were recruited for clinical evaluation of fertility status (...) Our results confirm the potential impact of chronic occupational exposure to OP/CB pesticides on male reproductive function, which may cause damage to sperm chromatin, decrease semen quality and produce alterations in reproductive hormones, leading to adverse reproductive health outcomes."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23424210 (PMID: 23424210), of this scientific paper
(by Sharma RK, Upadhyay G, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B) Pesticides-induced biochemical alterations in occupational North Indian suburban population. (Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Nov;32(11):1213-27. doi: 10.1177/0960327112474835. Epub 2013 Feb 19.)
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"Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops from insects-pests. Most of the field workers of North Indian population are exposed to commonly used insecticides. In the present study, pesticides induced oxidative stress as well as alterations in the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a total of 70 male healthy agricultural sprayers, exposed to pesticides for about 5 years, were studied and the results were compared with 70 controls (...) The reduced activity of AChE indicates possible occurrence of perturbations in blood as well as neurotoxicity in pesticide sprayers."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422404 (PMID: 23422404), of this scientific paper
(by Freire C, Koifman S) Pesticides, depression and suicide: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. (Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Jul;216(4):445-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.003. Epub 2013 Feb 17.)
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"It has been suggested that high exposure to pesticides, including poisoning, experienced by agriculture workers and rural residents may result in an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Epidemiological data supporting this hypothesis are very limited. An updated systematic review was conducted in epidemiologic literature on the relationship of pesticide exposure with depression and suicide published over the last 15 years by using MEDLINE database. A total of 11 studies on depression and 14 studies on suicide met inclusion criteria. Depression or other psychiatric disorders have shown increased risks associated with previous pesticide poisoning in 5 studies, with statistically significant odds ratios (OR) ranging from 2.08 to 5.95. Lower risk estimates have been found for chronic pesticide exposure. Among studies on suicide, 4 reports found increased suicide rates in areas with intensive pesticide use (OR between 1.60 and 2.61) compared to areas with lower pesticide use. Occupation in agriculture has shown a significant association with higher suicide risk than other occupational groups in 4 studies (OR between 1.30 and 4.13), but not in one recent report. Regarding specific pesticides, lifetime use of chlorpyrifos was related with increased suicide mortality (OR=2.37) in one study. Scientific evidence of association between pesticide exposure and either depression or suicide has been shown in some populations, in studies using varying epidemiological approaches, but is still very limited and inconclusive (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23402800 (PMID: 23402800), of this scientific paper
(by Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M) Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. (Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Apr 15;268(2):157-77. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025. Epub 2013 Feb 9)
we read
"Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure ù to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with some other chronic diseases like respiratory problems, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, chronic nephropathies, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging (...) In this review, we present the highlighted evidence on the association of pesticide's exposure with the incidence of chronic diseases and introduce genetic damages, epigenetic modifications, endocrine disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), impairment of ubiquitin proteasome system, and defective autophagy as the effective mechanisms of action."

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354457 (PMID: 23354457), of this scientific paper
(by Vakonaki E, Androutsopoulos VP, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA) Pesticides and oncogenic modulation. (Toxicology. 2013 May 10;307:42-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.008. Epub 2013 Jan 24)
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"(...) Several lines of evidence demonstrate that organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides can cause malignant transformation of cells in in vitro and in vivo models. In the current minireview a comprehensive summary of recent in vitro findings is presented along with data reported from human population studies, regarding the impact of pesticide exposure on activation or dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Substantial mechanistic work suggests that pesticides are capable of inducing mutations in oncogenes and increase their transcriptional expression in vitro, whereas human population studies indicate associations between pesticide exposure levels and mutation occurrence in cancer-related genes (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347873 (PMID: 23347873), of this scientific paper
(by Benedetti D, Nunes E, Sarmento M, Porto C, Dos Santos CE, Dias JF, da Silva J) Genetic damage in soybean workers exposed to pesticides: evaluation with the comet and buccal micronucleus cytome assays. (Mutat Res. 2013 Apr 15;752(1-2):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 22)
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"Soybean cultivation is widespread in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil), especially in the city of Espumoso. Soybean workers in this region are increasingly exposed o a wide combination of chemical agents present in formulations of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. In the present study, the comet assay in peripheral leukocytes and the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome assay (BMCyt) in exfoliated buccal cells were used to assess the effects of exposures to pesticides in soybean farm workers from Espumoso. A total of 127 individuals, 81 exposed and 46 non-exposed controls, were evaluated. Comet assay and BMCyt (micronuclei and nuclear buds) data revealed DNA damage in soybean workers. Cell death was also observed (condensed chromatin, karyorhectic, and karyolitic cells). Inhibition of non-specific choline esterase (BchE) was not observed in the workers. The trace element contents of buccal samples were analyzed by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Higher concentrations of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl were observed in cells from workers (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163581 (PMID: 23163581), of this scientific paper
(by Ross SM, McManus IC, Harrison V, Mason O.) Neurobehavioral problems following low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic and meta-analytic review. (Crit Rev Toxicol. 2013 Jan;43(1):21-44. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2012.738645. Epub 2012 Nov 19)
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"Meta-analysis was carried out to determine the neurotoxic effects of long-term exposure to low levels of organophosphates (OPs) in occupational settings. Concern about the effects of OPs on human health has been growing as they are increasingly used throughout the world for a variety of agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes. The neurotoxic effects of acute poisoning are well established but the possibility that low-level exposure causes ill health is controversial. It is important to get a clear answer to this question as more individuals are at risk of low-level exposure than acute poisoning. Although a number of reviews on this topic have been published in the past, authors have come to conflicting conclusions. To date, none of these reviews have attempted quantitative evaluation of study findings using meta-analysis. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the neurotoxicity of low-level occupational exposure to OPs and goes on to report the results of a meta-analysis of 14 studies which fulfilled criteria for this type of statistical analysis (means and standard deviations of dependant variables reported). Data were assimilated from more than 1600 participants. The majority of well designed studies found a significant association between low-level exposure to OPs and impaired neurobehavioral function which is consistent, small to moderate in magnitude and concerned primarily with cognitive functions such as psychomotor speed, executive function, visuospatial ability, working and visual memory (...)"

In the abstract, reported on the USA governmental website PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23117219 (PMID: 23117219), of this scientific paper
(by Cocco P, Satta G, Dubois S, Pili C, Pilleri M, Zucca M, 't Mannetje AM, Becker N, Benavente Y, de Sanjosé S, Foretova L, Staines A, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Brennan P, Miligi L, Ennas MG, Boffetta P) Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the Epilymph study. (Occup Environ Med. 2013 Feb;70(2):91-8. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2012-100845. Epub 2012 Nov 1)
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"(...) We investigated the role of occupational exposure to specific groups of agrochemicals in the aetiology of lymphoma overall, B cell lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes (...) In 1998-2003, 2348 incident lymphoma cases and 2462 controls were recruited to the EPILYMPH case-control study in six European countries. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls (...) Our results provide limited support to the hypothesis of an increase in risk of specific lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to pesticides."